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Waste-to-Energy in the Czech Republic
Rajkovič, Jaroslav ; Toman, Filip (referee) ; Lachman, Jakub (advisor)
This bachelor’s thesis is focused on Waste-to-Energy process of municipal waste in the Czech republic. It describes production of municipal waste in the Czech republic, influence of waste composition on burning process and principle of incineration technology. The largest attention is paid to current Waste-to-Energy plants in the Czech republic and new planned projects. Last part of the thesis evaluates fulfilment of Waste management plan of the Czech republic goals.
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Up-to-date technology for energy utilisation of biomass and waste
Krňávek, Martin ; Frýba, Lukáš (referee) ; Kropáč, Jiří (advisor)
The bachelor‘s thesis deals with technologies for energy utilisation of biomass and waste. The introductory part is dedicated to biomass, its division and sources of biomass suitable for thermal treatment. The main part describes and compares technological units for energy utilisation of biomass, which is important for the Czech market. Furthermore there is described selected technologies for flue gas cleaning suitable especially for thermal treatment of waste. A basic design calculation of technological unit fired with wood chips for combined heat and power production is included here.
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Models and approaches in the field of computer simulation of processes
Čech, Michal ; Ferdan, Tomáš (referee) ; Touš, Michal (advisor)
The diploma thesis deals with computer simulation of processes in the field of energy utilization of waste and biomass. The first part contains description of energy utilization from waste and biomass and fundamental devices of energy systems. There is also described methodology of modeling and techniques used for processes simulation. The next part is focused on mathematical models explanation of processes with constant and variable efficiency. In practical work are compared results from individual considered mathematical models with real data which were obtained from the real operation of waste energy plant. With use of gained mathematical models is considered model situation of cogeneration in the device of biomass and coal co-firing. At the end of this work is suggested implementation of created mathematical models into simulation program W2E.
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Integrated technology for environmentally safe residual plastic waste and sewage sludge disposal
Kadlecová, Petra ; Jecha, David (referee) ; Brummer, Vladimír (advisor)
The existing methods of sewage sludge and non-recyclable plastic waste management turn out to be unsatisfactory in long terms. Landfilling of the high-calorific-value wastes will be lim-ited in near future and the potential soil contamination by some of the sewage sludge contents led to several legislation changes in the field of using the sewage slugde in agriculture. The presented thesis aims to find an integrated solution for sewage sludge and plastic waste with a focus on the possibility of phosphorus recovery from the resulting ash. Based on the study of the available separate solutions and relevant legislative regulations, three variants of possible integration were proposed. Subsequently, the basic energy and material balance of these vari-ants were performed using W2E software.
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Waste-based renewable energy production
Strapko, Tibor ; Touš, Michal (referee) ; Pavlas, Martin (advisor)
Following diploma thesis deals with waste-based renewable energy production. Waste is a very heterogeneous mixture consisting of various materials with different origin. This can be either fossil or biogenic. The very substances with biogenic origin are considered renewable energy source with financial support from state. Therefore is nowadays tendency to develop a method, which can determine the biogenic waste ratio. The method, aside possible cheapest price and simplicity, should be also reliable and easy reproducible due to its usage. At the beginning, thesis focuses on the waste-to-energy facilities. Important part deals with legislative side of this topic. The reasons, why Czech Republic is behind with thermal waste treating are stated as well as Czech Republic’s obligations to European Union in the field of biodegradable municipal solid waste. Main part of thesis deals with different methods to determine biogenic waste ratio in municipal solid waste. Step by step are introduces 4 known methods, where especially sorting, balance and 14C methods are described closely. By each method are stated its major benefits and handicaps in case of using. Finally, the computational model, which is based upon balance methods equations, is introduced following with feasibility study of balance method for local conditions. The very end of the thesis brings comparison of each method results, general summary, where are results of this thesis stated and possible trends for future in this area of expertise, as well.
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Analysis of operation data for purposes of optimization
Slavíček, Martin ; Pavlas, Martin (referee) ; Touš, Michal (advisor)
This thesis deals with analysis of operation data for purposes of optimization. The thesis is divided into four chapters. First chapter focuses on present and future development in waste management legislation. It mainly deals with prevention, recycling and disposal of waste. Second chapter more closely describes waste-to-energy process. This chapter also describes the technology of municipal waste incinerator in Liberec, Termizo, a.s. Third chapter starts with description of tools used in design of the models based on operation data. Then the models for individual technological nodes are described. The last part is focused on building a complex model of Termizo using previous results.
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Energy use of waste
Lachman, Jakub ; Kracík, Petr (referee) ; Baláš, Marek (advisor)
The bachelor’s thesis deals with the Waste-to-Energy topic. The first part evaluates municipal solid waste (MSW) as fuel, analyzes the influence of its indiviual fractions on the overal properties, mainly the lower heating value, compares MSW with other conventional solid fuels which are thermally used. The second part of the thesis deals with Waste-to-Energy technologies. It is divided into three parts: combustion, pyrolysis and gasification. Each contains both the description of the process itself as well as the description of the applied technology. The last chapter contains some of the negative impacts of Waste-to-Energy technologies and a list of measures used to deal with them.
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Energy use of waste
Hrubý, Radomír ; Milčák, Pavel (referee) ; Baláš, Marek (advisor)
The content of this work is an evaluation of the Waste-to-Energy technology. The in-troduction describes current position of the Czech Republic on waste management. Including description of individual waste management technologies. The following chapter deals with the use of waste as a fuel for energy purposes. The principle of waste incineration and pyrolysis technology is elaborated here. Further, are discussed the methods of purification of individual components of flue gas. The penultimate chapter is devoted to legislation that affects the ecology of Waste-to-Energy technology and the comparison of emissions of various stationary sources of pollution which are producing energy. In conclusion, there are described facilities for the energy utilization of municipal waste in the Czech Republic, which are supplemented by two facilities from neighboring states.
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Waste-to-Energy as a key technology of developed waste management systems
Guštara, Dominik ; Putna, Ondřej (referee) ; Šomplák, Radovan (advisor)
Bachelor thesis focuses on analyzing the current state of European waste management systems and on prediction of its future development with focus on waste-to-energy technology. First part of this thesis serves as an introduction to the waste management issue and describes a computational tool NERUDA. Following is a description of data collection about the current state of waste management in the investigated countries. The final and most important part deals with the explanation of how the future development was estimated and with analyzing the results of optimization.
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Modeling the Impacts of Changes in Waste Management on Key Technologies
Jadrný, Josef ; Suzová, Jana (referee) ; Weidlich, Tomáš (referee) ; Pavlas, Martin (advisor)
The doctoral thesis focuses on waste management planning in the Czech Republic with regard to key technologies. The operation of processing facilities is influenced by strategic documents that reflect the legislative framework of the EU and the Czech Republic. Due to the introduction of new principles and evaluation criteria, it is necessary to regularly update the Waste Management Plan at the state and regional level, according to the Waste Act No. 541/2020 Coll. When creating new strategic documents, emphasis should be placed on the use of available computing tools, inter-regional cooperation and the specific formulation of goals and measures. The individual goals of waste management must be taken into account when operating existing facilities and also when planning the necessary infrastructure. The attention in this text is devoted to the analysis of the current state of waste management in the Liberec Region with a focus on key technologies. The mentioned approaches and recommendations can be further applied to any region of the Czech Republic.
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